Unstructured Materials and Universal Developmental Characteristics: Question from Prague




Question:

"I am an AMI Montessori trained teacher for 0-3, working in a toddler environment. In our training we learned about the standard Montessori materials, but the open ended materials I saw in the videos were not mentioned. For me, this seemed more like a play-based learning facility. I am curious about how we can integrate this kind of material in our environment."

For those who were not in Prague last year and who did not see the videos we presented I will explain how we made this film. I went to Italy for the first time in 2010 and I found out that Centro Nascita Montessori, founded by Adele Costa Gnocchi in 1960, was actively training educators for 0-3 and had prenatal and postpartum classes for new moms. 



The people at Centro Nascita Montessori told me that I would need to meet Grazia Honegger Fresco if I wanted to learn about the history of the Montessori Assistants to Infancy work and 0-3 in Italy. In 2012 I went back to Italy to take a course with Grazia and observe in the Nidos in Rome directed by Centro Nascita Montessori and in 2014 to observe in several Nidos in Northern Italy. I discovered that there was a second organization that comes directly from Adele Costa Gnocchi's years of study, this one founded by Grazia in the 1970's. As you may know, Grazia was a direct student of Maria Montessori's (the last course given by Montessori in Rome in 1951) and she was also in the first group of students to study 0-3 in 1947.

I went back to Italy and again observed in these programs in 2016 and in 2017 we decided to take videos during the second part of the year and create a film, narrated with Grazia's comments on this phase of development. This is the film we showed in Prague. It is not a film about the Montessori Method from 0-3 rather about developmental characteristics of this first phase of development.


LINKS TO THE TRAILERS FOR THE COSMIC TASK FILMS IN PRAGUE:
I use the word Nido to mean a Montessori 0-3 program, in the way it is used in Italy, and this is confusing since AMI uses Nido to mean infant care and Infant Community to mean the Youngest Children or the Toddlers. 

The two programs we filmed are not AMI nor are they even Montessori schools, they are public childcare programs (nidi comunale) that serve about 60 children each. However, these educators and program directors have spent years working under the guidance of Grazia and other trainers for Percorsi per Crescere, the 0-3 Montessori training group in Northern Italy. You can go to the Cosmictask0-3.education website to read more about the history of Percorsi per Crescere.

The open-ended materials that are being offered to the children in these two Nidos are referred to as “unstructured” materials meaning that they do not have one purpose, but can be used in varieties of ways. They answer the developmental instinct we can see anywhere and everywhere when children are allowed to explore freely with the objects they find. These unstructured materials allow children to develop concentration, creativity, critical thinking and require no presentation because there is no one correct way to use them.


These are materials that create much activity and movement and can be understood as sensorimotor or psico somatic materials. These materials provide for the integration of the will and purposeful movement as each child following his or her inner drives uses these materials to discover how things relate. For children between the ages of 18 and 24 months they offer active play and much scientific exploration, which is why it looked like a play-based program. But many of the children in these videos are practically in a trance of concentrated attention. 

They are given freedom to use the materials as they desire and one can easily see how they are learning about shape, form, dimension, and relationship from exploring these materials, for example how they line up blocks of different size putting them in order according to size, or shape, not because they have been presented this but because this comes as a natural instinct.



This is a phase that asks for maximum movement opportunities. Once this phase is satiated, they found that the older toddler is ready to be working without moving about constantly and wants to work at the table, using trays of materials that have been set up for a specific use - "structured materials" such as cutting paper or painting or sorting or spooning, depositing or threading small beads, transferring lentils from one small bowl to another, spooning or pouring back and forth. They have found that having exhausted this previous psychomotor active work (gross motor integration with the will) the children are much more integrated in their fine motor hand-eye coordination work at the table.

This research, using the Montessori modality, is what we presented with the Cosmic Task 0-3 video. A Montessori 0-3 environment is the perfect laboratory to study natural development.


How to integrate these materials in your Montessori 0-3 environment?

I was told by an educator recently in Mexico where I was consulting that she was allowing the children to play with the “developmental aids” materials as they wished every Friday. On all the other days she would intervene and say to the child “this work is to be used with this tray ...” and attempt to keep order to the materials by showing the child again where to deposit the object. On Fridays she let the little ones play freely and put things in places they 'didn't belong' and at the end of the day the objects were “inserted” into spaces and holes here and there. 

Is this disorder? 

If we observe the child as she works, who found it so interesting to test out diverse opportunities to insert, what do we see? Do we see a concentrated child? Do we see a scientist testing a 'theory'? In this example, there were no new materials introduced rather a new freedom to use the existing materials as their instincts directed them to.

When we observe and refrain from intervention we can see many universal developmental characteristics at work. 

Are we afraid of disorder because we think that “external order leads to internal order” and that we have to teach the children to put away one tray before taking out another?



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